Teen Addiction

Despite what many sources claim, drug use among teens is at its lowest level in decades. However, teen drug abuse and addiction has not disappeared completely.

Addictive drugs and substances are everywhere in our society. Some have been around for decades or even centuries, while others have just cropped up in recent years.

Treatment centers see teenage patients struggling with addiction to many different types of drugs. As a parent, it’s important to stay informed of thedrug landscapeand to learn how it can affect your teen if they experiment.

Teen drug abuse is a societal issue that has never gone away, but the way we look at teen addiction has become more sophisticated over the years.

Teen Drug Abuse Facts and Statistics

Teen drug use statistics are lookingmore positive than ever. Take a look at some teen drug use facts:

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• Use of illicit drugs is lower than ever in the United States, at least since we started measuring. In the last five years, the use of all drugs exceptmarijuanahas decreased in teens.
• Vicodin (hydrocodone) use has dropped by over 60% amonghigh schoolersand only 30% say it is easy to obtain, compared to 50% ten years ago
• Marijuana use has remained stable, with about 6% of 12th graders using it every day, which is about the same as five years ago
• Alcohol use and binge drinkingis down to between 10-30% amongst high schoolers depending on their age
• Cigarette smoking is lower than it has ever been at around 1-3% of high schoolers, depending on age

Signs of Teen Drug Use

Signs of drug use in teens refer to changes that an observer can spot and might act as a clue to confirm drug abuse.Signs can fall into a few broad categories: paraphernalia, physical signs and psychological signs.

Drug paraphernaliarefers to items or tools used to ingest, hide or use different drugs. The different forms of paraphernalia vary depending on the drug and how the drug must be ingested to work. Finding paraphernalia is one of the warning signs of teen drug use.

Common pieces of paraphernalia by consumption method include:

• Injection:a rubber cord or belt for tying the arm, alcohol swabs, cotton balls for filtering, lighters, needles, spoons with burn marks, syringes.
• Smoking:glass or metal pipes, lighter (normal or torch), straws (metal or plastic for smoking), tin foil, water pipes (bongs).
• Snorting:razor blades, rolled up dollar bills, small mirror, snuff bullets, straw (metal or plastic).

If you are suspicious of a specific drug, look up symptoms of that specific drug. If you are suspicious but not sure which drug someone is abusing, general physical symptoms of drug abuse may include:

• Changes in eating or sleeping patterns
• Decreased personal grooming and worsening physical appearance
• Dry eyes, pupils which are larger or smaller than normal
• Slurred speech, tremors, poor coordination
• Sniffing or runny nose
• Strange odors on breath or clothing
• Sudden change in weight — weight gain or loss

General psychological symptoms of drug abuse may include:

• Appearing “spaced out”
• Paranoid, agitation, or fear for no apparent reason
• Periods of increased energy, nervousness, or mood instability
• Sudden lack of motivation
• Unexplained changes in attitude or personality

Signs of withdrawalstart within hours to days after they last used the drug. Withdrawal symptoms will depend on which type of drug your teen is using.

You can also look for physical evidence of the drugs themselves, which are often left behind. Look for bits of marijuana (green plant material), white powder, unknown pills, and other unfamiliar materials. Even if you find evidence, be careful not to assume the worst. However, keep each piece of evidence in mind to build the bigger picture.

Along with obvious signs, drugs can cause obvious changes in behavior. While teenage years bring about personality shifts, if you notice any combination of symptoms and suspect drug abuse might be a problem,make sure to address the problem.

Why Do Teens Use Drugs and Alcohol

Causes of Teen Drug Abuse

While teen drug use is difficult to predict,research helps us identifythe underlying causes of teen drug use. These factors can include:

• Biology:our genes play a big role in how we respond to drugs. One person might take a drug once and become hooked, while another can take it several times with no risk of addiction.
• Development:teenagers are still developing parts of the brain involved in judgment and decision-making. Drug use early in life can impair the development of parts of the brain that would normally protect us from further drug use.
• Environment:can include the influence of family or friends throughout childhood. Factors like our quality of life, presence of abuse, or exposure to different stress to play a big role in the development of drug addiction.

To understand why teens use drugs, one much look at each teenager as an individual with needs, thoughts and feelings. The reason they use drugs is as varied as to why adults use them.

Drugs Commonly Used By Teens

Teens abuse the same drugs that adults do. Drugs of abuse range from legal to illegal, and can be natural or unnatural. Be aware of all the common drugs used by teens so you can determine behavioral flags that indicate drug abuse.

The most used drugs by teens are alcohol, cannabis and nicotine. Illicit drugs and prescription substances are less common.

How drugs are taken plays a role in the decision-making process around which drugs teens will take. In general, drugs that are easier to take like pills, drinks and smoking will be more common than snorting or injecting.

Illicit Drugs

Illicit drugsare made illegally and it is against the law to possess, distribute or take illicit drugs. Examples of teen party drugs include:

• Cocaine (available by prescription but is usually made illegally)
• Heroin (an illicit opioid)
• LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide or acid)
• Marijuana (use in teensis increasing, but legal in some states)
• MDMA (Methylenedioxymethamphetamine or molly)
• Methamphetamine (available by prescription but is usually made illegally)
• Mushrooms with psilocybin
• Synthetic cannabis (K2 or spice)

Prescription Drugs

Prescription medicationsare quickly taking a bigger piece of the pie when it comes to drug abuse. Teen prescription drug abuse is common as many of thedrugs are easily accessible. Some examples of prescription drugs that are often misused include:

• Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants:sleep medications, anxiety medications like benzodiazepines (Xanax, Valium, etc) and some seizure medications
• Opioids:codeine cough syrup, fentanyl, hydrocodone, morphine, oxycodone and tramadol
• Over-the-counter medicines:dextromethorphan, loperamide (a weak opioid that treats diarrhea) and pseudoephedrine (used to make methamphetamine)
• Stimulants:amphetamines or methylphenidate products

Alcohol

Teen drinking and underage drinking remain a common problem in our society.Alcoholmay be difficult to shelter your child from, so make sure they know the health risks of alcohol like impaired judgment and alcohol poisoning.

In a recent study conducted by The Recovery Village, wesurveyed 2,136 American adultswho either wanted to stop drinking alcohol or had already tried to (successfully or not).

Research shows that people who drink before the age of 15 are four times more likely to become addicted to alcohol later in life. Among those surveyed:

• 10.1% had their first alcoholic drink at 11 years old or younger
• 37.5% had their first alcoholic drink between 12–17 years old
• 39.7% had their first alcoholic drink between 18–25 years old
• 12.6% had their first alcoholic drink at 26 years old or older

Teen alcohol abuse can be treated the same as any substance use disorder. Treatment centers offermedical detoxas well as drug and alcohol addiction treatment. Many facilities are specialized and exclusively treat teen drug addiction and alcohol abuse.

Effects of Teen Drug Use

The effects of drug abuse on teens can be permanent and damaging to themselves, friends and family. Risks can increase based on the drug of abuse, if other drugs are involved, and how long the abuse has been taking place.

Young people may feel invincible and immune to the dangers of substance use; however, they can experience the effects and consequences the same as adults.

Effects of teen drug use include:

• Arrest or juvenile detention
• Birth defects in pregnant teens
• Fired from current job or problems getting hired in the future
• Future financial problems
• Health effects
• Losing friendships or relationships with family
• Risky sexual behavior, sexually transmitted infections
• Serious illness or injury
• Suspension or expulsion from school

Lasting Effects of Drug Use on the Brain

Theimpact of drugs on the brainare different depending on the drug.

Certain substances cause the brain to produce more dopamine, a chemical signal that reinforces reward. Other substances block pain signals and cause euphoria. Over time, the effects of drugs on the brain can permanently alter the way your teen’s brain functions.

Drug use can have an especially great effect on the brain during youth because the brain is growing and developing.

When teens feel a drug high, they experience positive feelings that can seem to increase mood and happiness. Unfortunately, the positive effects are short-lived and come with health consequences.

Long term effects of drugs on the brain are tolerance, dependence and addiction. Brain damage from drugs can happen with heavy use even if your teen embraces sobriety later.

Is Teen Addiction Treatable?

Drug abuse and teen addiction are treatable. We now recognize addiction as a disease rather than a moral failing. Teen drug use is often acute or a short-termstress response. They may have a stressful personal life or may be curious andtrying to fit in with a friend.

More rarely, drug abuse in teens is a biological problem that is tricky to overcome, and casual use can quickly snowball into a much deeper issue.

What works for your teen may be unique to them, and that’s okay. Drug addiction is a difficult medical condition to treat but, with the help of rehab professionals, you can help them recover.

Thousands of clinics and specially-trained practitioners offersubstance abuse treatment for teensbattling drug abuse or addiction. Treatment options for substance abuse implement therapy, counseling, medication and other proven tools designed to retrain an addict to live without drugs.

Perhaps you have tried toconfront your teen’s drug problemon your own and could not help them. In this case, it may be time to consider professional treatment. Doctors and treatment specialists have spent decades working on and perfecting their methodologies, and they can help teens struggling with addiction defeat their illness.

Treatment does not guarantee your child will stop abusing drugs, but research shows that teens addicted to drugs who receive treatment are far more likely to beat their addiction than those who do not. Give your teen the best chance they have to overcome drug abuse problems.

Does My Child Need Professional Treatment?

If teen addiction is a problem in your family, your first step is to reach out to a professional like your child’s doctor, guidance counselor, or one of our addiction specialists atThe Recovery Village.

A professional can help you assess the situation and determine any next steps to take and if teen drug rehab is necessary. If your child needs help, a professional will go over substance abuse treatment options with you and your child.

If you notice signs that your child is abusing drugs or alcohol, take action now — most people would rather enter drug rehab for teens than drug rehab for adults down the road.